Palabras clave
TDAH
Estimulantes
Recompensa
Controversias
Cómo citar
Resumen
El metilfenidato es un fármaco de primera línea para el tratamiento del Trastorno de Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH), aunque su uso no ese limita a este. Se comercializa desde 1954, habiéndose generado gran cantidad de conocimiento acerca de su funcionamiento y efectividad, así como también controversias acerca de su uso. Se presenta una revisión que incluye todos los aspectos que deben ser conocidos por los profesionales que trabajan con pacientes medicados con este fármaco. Abarcamos los mecanismos de acción, farmacodinámica, indicaciones y efectos secundarios, así como las interacciones que puede tener con otros fármacos y el uso que se le da al medicamento fuera del sistema de salud (como mejorador de la cognición). También se revisa la efectividad de este medicamento en el tratamiento del TDAH y las controversias y malentendidos que han ido surgiendo respecto a su utilización en pacientes pediátricos. Así mismo, se dedica un breve apartado a la interacción de este fármaco con el sistema de recompensa del cerebro, y la posibilidad de generar dependencias al compuesto.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2022 Juan Pablo Quintanilla Calvi, Guillermo Saúl Escobar Cornejo